Identify the peony before measuring
Herbaceous peonies die back each year, while tree peonies retain woody stems. Intersectional hybrids combine characteristics of both groups. Their planting instructions are not interchangeable, so keep the plant's label and use guidance for that type. For a bare-root herbaceous peony, locate the small growing eyes on the crown. These are the reference point for depth, not the lowest end of the thick storage roots or the top of a leftover dead stem.
Measure from the finished soil surface
Herbaceous peony eyes should sit close to the soil surface, generally no more than a few centimetres below it. Account for loose soil settling after planting and for mulch that might later be piled over the crown. Lay a straight cane across the hole as a simple reference while positioning the plant. Take a photograph before filling completely and record the measurement. That small record can resolve future doubts without digging the peony up merely to check.
Give establishment a fair observation period
A recently planted or divided peony may need time before producing a generous display. Track healthy shoots and leaf development rather than judging success solely by the first year's flowers. Choose a sunny site with room for the mature clump and avoid repeated relocation. Put supports in early for heavy-flowered varieties, before the foliage hides the crown. Inspect the support from the path as well as close up; it should hold the stems without compressing the plant into a narrow bundle.
Diagnose missing flowers in order
If an established plant stops flowering, compare current shade with older photographs, consider whether leaves were lost prematurely, and check whether annual mulching has gradually raised the soil around the crown. Planting depth is one possibility, not the only answer. Note whether buds were never formed or formed and then failed; those are different observations. Make any necessary adjustment at a suitable season for the plant and climate. A measured correction is more useful than repeatedly digging, feeding and moving a peony whose underlying problem remains unidentified.
A little further reading
Match these general notes to your plant variety, climate and local conditions.
